Southern Italy 意大利南部: Mount Vesuvius 维苏威火山

Mount Vesuvius (Italian: Monte Vesuvio, Latin: Mons Vesuvius) is a stratovolcano in the Gulf of Naples, Italy, about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) east of Naples and a short distance from the shore. It is one of several volcanoes which form the Campanian volcanic arc. Vesuvius consists of a large cone partially encircled by the steep rim of a summit caldera caused by the collapse of an earlier and originally much higher structure.

Mount Vesuvius is best known for its eruption in AD 79 that led to the burying and destruction of the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. That eruption ejected a cloud of stones, ash and fumes to a height of 20.5 miles, spewing molten rock and pulverized pumice at the rate of 1.5 million tons per second, ultimately releasing a hundred thousand times the thermal energy released by the Hiroshima bombing. An estimated 16,000 people died due to hydrothermal pyroclastic flows. The only surviving eyewitness account of the event consists of two letters by Pliny the Younger to the historian Tacitus.

Vesuvius has erupted many times since and is the only volcano on the European mainland to have erupted within the last hundred years. Today, it is regarded as one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world because of the population of 3,000,000 people living nearby and its tendency towards explosive (Plinian) eruptions. It is the most densely populated volcanic region in the world.

维苏威火山（Vesuvio）是欧洲大陆唯一的活火山，位于意大利南部那不勒斯湾东海岸，同世界名城那不勒斯相距不過20公里。海拔1,281米（4,200英尺）。

维苏威在公元79年的一次大喷发，摧毁了当时拥有2万多人的庞贝城，其他几个有名的海滨城市如赫库兰尼姆、斯塔比奥等也遭到严重破坏。直到18世纪中叶，考古学家才将庞贝古城从数米厚的火山灰中发掘出来，古老建筑和姿态各异的尸体都保存完好，这一史实已为世人熟知，讓今人明白其滅亡的根本原因，庞贝古城也成为意大利著名旅游胜地。